States' Rights

States' Rights
States' Rights
 
['steɪts 'raɪts], in den USA eine Doktrin, die - unter Berufung auf das X. Amendment zur amerikanischen Verfassung - die primäre Souveränität beziehungsweise Selbstständigkeit der Einzelstaaten gegenüber der Bundesregierung betont. Ursprünglich v. a. von den Antifederalists (T. Jefferson, J. Madison) vertreten, fand diese Haltung in den Kentucky- und Virginia-Resolutionen (1798/99) und in der Hartford Convention (1814/15) ihren Ausdruck und spielte - als Grundsatz der Südstaaten - eine besondere Rolle in der Auseinandersetzung um die Sklaverei und in der zum Sezessionskrieg führenden Entwicklung. In der 2. Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts wurden die States' Rights v. a. ein Schlagwort in der Kritik an der wachsenden Macht der Bundesregierung. Die States-Rights-Bewegung bildete aus Anhängern in den Südstaaten eine eigene Partei (States' Rights Democratic Party, auch »Dixiecrats« genannt [abgeleitet von Dixie]), deren Präsidentschaftskandidat James Strom Thurmond (* 1902) 1948 1,17 Mio. Wähler- und 39 Wahlmännerstimmen gewann. (Nullifikation)
 
 
A. Jackson: Nullification and the s. r. tradition (Chicago, Ill., 1963);
 
The s. r. debate, hg. v. A. T. Mason (New York 21972);
 R. E. Ellis: The union at risk. Jacksonian democracy, s. r., and the nullification crisis (ebd. 1987).

Universal-Lexikon. 2012.

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